Reading the Results

Values shown in this report are for each genetic site tested in each individual, detecting allele sizes of the DNA fragments. At each genetic site, the child has two DNA fragments. The child receives one fragment from the biological mother and one fragment from the biological father.

Paternity Exclusion
If the alleged father is excluded from being the biological father of the child, it means that there are some genetic markers present in the child that cannot be found in either the child's mother or in the tested alleged father. In other words, the child has a paternal allele that is not found in the tested man. In such cases, the paternity index [PI] is 0.0, the combined paternity index [CPI] is 0.0 and the probability of paternity is 0.0%.

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Paternity Inclusion
For each gene site tested the child matches one gene fragment size of the mother; therefore, the child received that gene fragment from the mother. The other gene fragment in the child matches the gene fragment of the alleged father; therefore, he could be the child's biological father. The probability that he is the child's father depends on the frequency with which this gene fragment is found in the male population of the same race. We express this probability for the tested man to be the biological father of the child mathematically with the Paternity Index [PI]. If the PI is 3.08 it means that the tested man is 3.08 times more likely to be the biological father than a random man. Ordinarily, the PI values are reported for each genetic site analyzed during the GENETICA DNA Test™. The final report combines all the genetic system evidence by producing a Combined Paternity Index [CPI]. The individual [PI] values are multiplied together to obtain the CPI. With this, the probability of paternity is calculated.

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The prior probability of paternity refers to the non-genetic evidence that the testing laboratory has about the mother, the child, and the tested alleged father. Usually, the testing laboratory has no non-genetic evidence for or against paternity. This is expressed by setting the prior probability at 0.50. Therefore, the probability of paternity statistic indicates how likely the tested man is to be the biological father, assuming all other non-genetic evidence, for or against paternity, is equal.