DNA Test Results
DNA parentage testing has the
power to produce conclusive,
irrefutable answers. However,
such powerful results are only
produced when a sufficient
number of genetic sites are
tested. In fact, a DNA test may
falsely substantiate fatherhood
when only a small number of
common genetic sites are
analyzed. Genetica DNA
Laboratories performs very
extensive testing in all cases.
The average power of exclusion
of the GENETICA DNA Test™ is
greater than 99.999999%.
We are committed to using the
most proven and advanced methods
of DNA technology. Our
experienced laboratory
professionals have established
proven quality assurance
processes in the laboratory that
ensure errorless results. Among
others, these quality assurance
processes include: testing
specimens in duplicate, computer
verification and cross matching
of all DNA profiles generated by
the laboratory, and individual
examination of each case data by
at least two physicians.
Our laboratory professionals can
test over 50 genetic markers
when faced with complicated
cases where genetic mutations or
unusual genetic situations
arise. Furthermore, our
laboratory professionals have
the training and the extensive
experience to provide you with
the most conclusive DNA test
results in these complicated
situations.
Values shown in these sample DNA
test result reports are for each
genetic site tested in each
individual, detecting alleles
(i.e,genetic variants) of the
DNA. At each tested genetic
site, the child has two alleles.
The child receives one allele
from his/her biological mother
and one allele from his/her
biological father.
If the alleged
father is excluded
from being the
biological father of
the child, it means
that there are some
genetic markers
present in the child
that cannot be found
in either the
child's mother or in
the tested alleged
father. In other
words, the child has
a paternal allele
that is not found in
the tested man. In
such cases, the
paternity index [PI]
is 0.0, the combined
paternity index
[CPI] is 0.0 and the
probability of
paternity is 0.0%.
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If the alleged
father is excluded
from being the
biological father of
the child, it means
that there are some
genetic markers
present in the child
that cannot be found
in either the
child's mother or in
the tested alleged
father. In other
words, the child has
a paternal allele
that is not found in
the tested man. In
such cases, the
paternity index [PI]
is 0.0, the combined
paternity index
[CPI] is 0.0 and the
probability of
paternity is 0.0%.
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For each genetic
site tested, the
child matches one
allele of the
mother; therefore,
the child received
that genetic variant
(allele) from the
mother. The other
allele in the child
matches the allele
of the alleged
father; therefore,
he could be the
child's biological
father. The
probability that he
is the child's
father depends on
the frequency with
which this genetic
variant is found in
the male population
of the same race. We
express this
likelihood for the
tested man to be the
biological father of
the child
mathematically with
the Paternity Index
[PI]. If the PI is
3.08 it means that
the tested man is
3.08 times more
likely to be the
biological father
than a random man.
Ordinarily, the PI
values are reported
for each genetic
site analyzed during
the GENETICA DNA
Test™. The final
report combines all
the genetic system
evidence by
producing a Combined
Paternity Index
[CPI]. The
individual [PI]
values are
multiplied together
to obtain the CPI.
With this, the
probability of
paternity is
calculated.
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The prior probability of
paternity refers to the
non-genetic evidence that the
testing laboratory has about the
mother, the child, and the
tested alleged father. Usually,
the testing laboratory has no
non-genetic evidence for or
against paternity. This is
expressed by setting the prior
probability at 0.50. Therefore,
the probability of paternity
statistic indicates how likely
the tested man is to be the
biological father, assuming all
other non-genetic evidence, for
or against paternity, is equal.
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